Cataract Surgeryalso known as Phacoemulsification

Cataract surgery is the world’s most common eye operation. In a quick, outpatient procedure, doctors remove a cloudy lens (cataract) and replace it with a clear artificial lens called an intra-ocular lens (IOL). Most people are awake, feel no pain, and notice brighter, sharper vision within days. Today’s small-incision techniques restore useful sight for about 9 in 10 adults who have trouble reading, driving, or seeing faces because of cataracts.[1][2]

Modern cataract surgery uses phacoemulsification. A surgeon makes a 2–3 mm corneal micro-incision, liquefies the cloudy lens with ultrasound, and vacuums the pieces away. A foldable IOL is then inserted and unfolds inside the natural lens capsule. Most wounds seal without stitches.

Options include monofocal IOLs for clear single-distance vision, toric IOLs that correct astigmatism, and premium multifocal or extended-depth lenses that can reduce dependence on glasses. Laser-assisted cataract surgery can automate some steps, though vision results are similar to standard phaco.[3][4]

Surgery is recommended when cataracts blur vision enough to limit daily tasks such as reading, driving at night, or seeing friends’ faces. People with glare, double vision in one eye, or rapid lens changes that hinder care of other eye diseases also qualify. The operation can be done safely at almost any age, but most patients are over 60.

Those with uncontrolled eye inflammation, advanced macular degeneration, or severe dry eye may need additional treatment first, and tiny pupils sometimes require special instruments.[5][6]

Benefits
• Restores clear vision, color contrast, and night driving confidence.
• Improves quality of life and reduces fall risk.
• One-time procedure—cataracts do not grow back.

Limitations
• Glasses may still be needed, especially for close work with standard lenses.
• Insurance may not cover premium IOL upgrades.
• Rarely, other eye problems limit the final vision.

Large studies show 95 % of routine cases reach 20/40 vision or better when no other disease is present, but outcomes depend on overall eye health.[7][8]

Cataract surgery is very safe, yet all surgery has risks. The most common temporary effects are scratchy eye, light sensitivity, and mild swelling. Serious problems such as infection (endophthalmitis), retinal detachment, or severe inflammation occur in fewer than 1 in 500 cases.

Years later, 1 in 5 patients may notice the lens capsule becoming cloudy; a painless laser polish called YAG capsulotomy quickly clears this haze in clinic.[9][10]

Most people go home 30 minutes after surgery and resume gentle activities the next day. You’ll use antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drops for 2–4 weeks. Avoid eye rubbing, swimming, and heavy lifting until your surgeon says it’s safe. A follow-up visit 24 hours later checks healing and vision.

Protective sunglasses and a night shield prevent accidental bumps while you sleep. Once the eye is stable—usually after a month—your doctor will update your glasses if needed.[11][12]

Engineers are refining femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery to automate incisions and lens fragmentation. Studies show similar vision to standard phaco, but with even more precise capsulotomies. Researchers are also testing eye-drop therapies that may one day delay lens clouding, and injectable, refillable IOLs that could fine-tune focus after surgery.[13][14]

If cloudy vision is holding you back, schedule an appointment with an Ophthalmologist. They will measure your eyes, discuss lens choices, and create a personalized plan. You can connect with the right specialist through Kerbside to explore your options with confidence.

Bring your glasses, a list of medicines, and note when glare or blur bothers you most so the visit is as helpful as possible.[15][16]